First-aid and resuscitation procedures
The basic sequence of actions taught across all water-rescue courses. This does not replace formal first-aid training.
This is a general, educational summary. In a real incident, always call emergency medical services on 112.
Check consciousness
- Gently shake the casualty's shoulder.
- Ask loudly: “Are you alright?”
If the casualty responds
- Leave them in the position found (unless in danger).
- Try to find out what happened.
- Call for help if needed.
- Check their condition periodically.
If the casualty does not respond
- Call for help.
- Turn them onto their back and open the airway.
Check breathing
- Watch for the chest rising and falling.
- Listen for breathing sounds. If unsure, treat as not breathing.
Not responding, but breathing normally
- Place in the recovery position.
- Ask someone to alert emergency medical services.
- Check breathing every minute.
Opening the airway
- Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin.
- Hand on the forehead — press gently and tilt the head back.
- Fingers of the other hand under the chin — lift to open the airway.
Not responding and not breathing
- Call someone to alert emergency services.
- Alternate 30 chest compressions with 2 rescue breaths.
- Continue until qualified help arrives or the casualty shows signs of life.